Capacitor Kharab Hai Ya Nahi Kaise Check Kare? (Complete Guide)

Electronics ki duniya mein Capacitor ek bahut hi mahatvapurn component hai. Chahe aapka fan ho, cooler ho, ya ghar ka koi bhi electronic board, capacitor ka kaam energy store karna aur supply ko filter karna hota hai. Lekin aksar capacitor kharab ho jate hain, jiski wajah se machine sahi se kaam nahi karti.

Aaj ke is article mein hum detail mein jaanenge ki aap ghar par hi kaise check kar sakte hain ki capacitor sahi hai ya kharab.

1. Visual Inspection (Dekh kar pata lagayein)

Sabse pehle capacitor ko dhyaan se dekhein. 80% mamlo mein capacitor dekhne se hi pata chal jata hai ki wo kharab hai.

• Bulging (Phool jana): Agar capacitor ka upri hissa ya niche ka hissa thoda phoola hua dikhe, to samajh lijiye wo kharab ho chuka hai.
• Leaking (Liquid nikalna): Agar capacitor ke niche se koi tel jaisa padarth nikal raha hai, to wo leak ho chuka hai.
• Burning Marks: Agar capacitor ke aas-paas jalne ke nishan ya kaala rang dikhe, to wo short ho chuka hai.

2. Multimeter Se Capacitor Kaise Check Kare?

Agar visual inspection mein sab thik lag raha hai, to aapko Digital Multimeter ka istemal karna hoga. Iske do tarike hain:

A. Capacitance Mode (Sabse Sahi Tarika)

Zyadatar modern multimeters mein “Capacitance” (μF) check karne ka option hota hai.

1. Sabse pehle capacitor ko circuit se bahar nikalein aur use Discharge karein (ek screwdriver se dono terminals ko touch karein).
2. Multimeter ko Capacitance (μF) mode par set karein.
3. Multimeter ki probes ko capacitor ke terminals par lagayein.
4. Agar multimeter par dikhayi gayi value capacitor par likhi value ke barabar ya thodi kam-zyada (5-10%) hai, to capacitor sahi hai. Agar value ‘OL’ ya zero dikhaye, to wo kharab hai.

B. Resistance Mode (Ohms Meter)

Agar aapke multimeter mein capacitance mode nahi hai, to aap Ohms mode se bhi andaza laga sakte hain.

• Multimeter ko High Resistance (1k ohm ya upar) par set karein.
• Probes lagane par agar reading zero se shuru hokar dhire-dhire badhti hai aur ‘Infinity’ tak jati hai, to iska matlab capacitor charge ho raha hai aur wo sahi hai.
• Agar reading zero par hi ruki rahe, to capacitor Short hai.

3. Fan Capacitor Check Karne Ka Desi Tarika

Dhyan rahe, ye tarika thoda risky hai, isliye ise puri savdhani ke saath karein. Ye bade AC capacitors (Fan/Motor) ke liye istemal hota hai.

1. Capacitor ke dono wires ko 220V AC supply mein sirf 1-2 second ke liye lagayein.
2. Turant switch off karein aur wires ko bahar nikal lein.
3. Ab dono wires ko aapas mein touch karein.
4. Agar ek Tez “Chit” ki awaaz aur Spark paida hota hai, to capacitor sahi hai. Agar halki awaaz aaye ya spark na ho, to capacitor kamzor hai.

⚠️ Safety Tips (Zaroori Savdhaniyan)

Warning: Electronics ke kaam mein hamesha khatra hota hai.

• Hamesha main switch band karke hi capacitor nikalein.
• Capacitor ko touch karne se pehle use hamesha discharge karein, kyunki ye electric shock de sakta hai.
• Anjaan vyakti bijli ke nange taaron se door rahe.

Conclusion

Umeed hai aapko samajh aa gaya hoga ki capacitor kaise check kiya jata hai. Zyadatar mamlo mein visual check aur multimeter hi sabse best hote hain. Agar aapka fan dhire chal raha hai, to bina soche uska capacitor badal dena hi behtar hota hai kyunki ye ek sasta component hai.

Aisi hi aur jaankari ke liye hamari website collageshurti.in se jude rahein!